Article 4 - Estate Management Powers Generally

California Probate Code — §§ 2450-2469

Sections (22)

Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.

(a)Unless this article specifically provides a proceeding to obtain court authorization or requires court authorization, the powers and duties set forth in this article may be exercised or performed by the guardian or conservator without court authorization, instruction, approval, or confirmation. Nothing in this subdivision precludes the guardian or conservator from seeking court authorization, instructions, approval, or confirmation pursuant to Section 2403.
(b)Upon petition of the ward or conservatee, a creditor, or any other interested person, or upon the court’s own motion, the court may limit the authority of the guardian or conservator under subdivision (a) as to a particular power or duty or as to particular powers or duties. Notice of the hearing on a petition under this subdivision shall be given for the period and in the manner provided in Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 1460) of Part 1.

Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.

The guardian or conservator may collect debts and benefits due to the ward or conservatee and the estate.

Added by Stats. 2007, Ch. 553, Sec. 16. Effective January 1, 2008.

The guardian or conservator may do any of the following:

(a)Contract for the guardianship or conservatorship, perform outstanding contracts, and, thereby, bind the estate.
(b)Purchase tangible personal property.
(c)Subject to the provisions of Chapter 8 (commencing with Section 2640), employ an attorney to advise and represent the guardian or conservator in all matters, including the conservatorship proceeding and all other actions or proceedings.
(d)Employ and pay the expense of accountants, investment advisers, agents, depositaries, and employees.
(e)Operate for a period of 45 days after the issuance of the letters of guardianship or conservatorship, at the risk of the estate, a business, farm, or enterprise constituting an asset of the estate.

Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.

(a)The guardian or conservator may endorse and cash or deposit any checks, warrants, or drafts payable to the ward or conservatee which constitute property of the estate.
(b)If it appears likely that the estate will satisfy the conditions of subdivision (b) of Section 2628, the court may order that the guardian or conservator be the designated payee for public assistance payments received pursuant to Part 3 (commencing with Section 11000) or Part 4 (commencing with Section 16000) of Division 9 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.

Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.

The guardian or conservator may deposit money belonging to the estate in an insured account in a financial institution in this state. Unless otherwise provided by court order, the money deposited under this section may be withdrawn without order of court.

Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.

(a)Subject to subdivision (b), where a trust company is a guardian or conservator and in the exercise of reasonable judgment deposits money of the estate in an account in any department of the corporation or association of which it is a part, it is chargeable with interest thereon at the rate of interest prevailing among banks of the locality on such deposits.
(b)Where it is to the advantage of the estate, the amount of cash that is reasonably necessary for orderly administration of the estate may be deposited in a checking account that does not bear interest which is maintained in a department of the corporation or association of which the trust company is a party.

Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.

The guardian or conservator may deposit personal property of the estate with a trust company for safekeeping. Unless otherwise provided by court order, the personal property may be withdrawn without order of court.

Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.

(a)A trust company serving as guardian or conservator may deposit securities that constitute all or part of the estate in a securities depository as provided in Section 775 of the Financial Code.
(b)If the securities have been deposited with a trust company pursuant to Section 2328 or Section 2454, the trust company may deposit the securities in a securities depository as provided in Section 775 of the Financial Code.
(c)The securities depository may hold securities deposited with it in the manner authorized by Section 775 of the Financial Code.

Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.

(a)Upon application of the guardian or conservator, the court may, with or without notice, order that money or other personal property be deposited pursuant to Section 2453 or 2454, and be subject to withdrawal only upon authorization of the court.
(b)The guardian or conservator shall deliver a copy of the court order to the financial institution or trust company at the time the deposit is made.
(c)No financial institution or trust company accepting a deposit pursuant to Section 2453 or 2454 is on notice of the existence of an order that the money or other property is subject to withdrawal only upon authorization of the court unless it has actual notice of the order.

Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.

The guardian or conservator may maintain in good condition and repair the home or other dwelling of either or both of the following:

(a)The ward or conservatee.
(b)The persons legally entitled to such maintenance and repair from the ward or conservatee.

Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.

With respect to a share of stock of a domestic or foreign corporation held in the estate, a membership in a nonprofit corporation held in the estate, or other property held in the estate, a guardian or conservator may do any one or more of the following:

(a)Vote in person, and give proxies to exercise, any voting rights with respect to the share, membership, or other property.
(b)Waive notice of a meeting or give consent to the holding of a meeting.
(c)Authorize, ratify, approve, or confirm any action which could be taken by shareholders, members, or property owners.

Amended by Stats. 1996, Ch. 86, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1997.

(a)The guardian or conservator may obtain, continue, renew, modify, terminate, or otherwise deal in any of the following for the purpose of providing protection to the ward or conservatee or a person legally entitled to support from the ward or conservatee:
(1)Medical, hospital, and other health care policies, plans, or benefits.
(2)Disability policies, plans, or benefits.
(b)The conservator may continue in force any of the following in which the conservatee, or a person legally entitled to support, maintenance, or education from the conservatee, has or will have an interest:
(1)Life insurance policies, plans, or benefits.
(2)Annuity policies, plans, or benefits.
(3)Mutual fund and other dividend reinvestment plans.
(4)Retirement, profit-sharing, and employee welfare plans or benefits.
(c)The right to elect benefit or payment options, to terminate, to change beneficiaries or ownership, to assign rights, to borrow, or to receive cash value in return for a surrender of rights, or to take similar actions under any of the policies, plans, or benefits described in subdivision (b) may be exercised by the conservator only after authorization or direction by order of the court, except as permitted in Section 2544.5. To obtain such an order, the conservator or other interested person shall petition under Article 10 (commencing with Section 2580).
(d)Notwithstanding subdivision (c), unless the court otherwise orders, the conservator without authorization of the court may borrow on the loan value of an insurance policy to pay the current premiums to keep the policy in force if the conservatee followed that practice prior to the establishment of the conservatorship.
(e)The guardian may give the consent provided in Section 10112 of the Insurance Code without authorization of the court, but the guardian may use funds of the guardianship estate to effect or maintain in force a contract entered into by the ward under Section 10112 of the Insurance Code only after authorization by order of the court. To obtain such an order, the guardian, the ward, or any other interested person shall file a petition showing that it is in the best interest of the ward or of the guardianship estate to do so. Notice of the hearing on the petition shall be given for the period and in the manner provided in Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 1460) of Part 1.
(f)Nothing in this section limits the power of the guardian or conservator to make investments as otherwise authorized by this division.

Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.

The guardian or conservator may insure:

(a)Property of the estate against loss or damage.
(b)The ward or conservatee, the guardian or conservator, and all or any part of the estate against liability to third persons.

Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.

(a)The guardian or conservator may prepare, execute, and file tax returns for the ward or conservatee and for the estate and may exercise options and elections and claim exemptions for the ward or conservatee and for the estate under the applicable tax laws.
(b)Notwithstanding Section 2502, the guardian or conservator may pay, contest, and compromise taxes, penalties, and assessments upon the property of the estate and income and other taxes payable or claimed to be payable by the ward or conservatee or the estate.

Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.

Subject to Section 2463, unless another person is appointed for that purpose, the guardian or conservator may:

(a)Commence and maintain actions and proceedings for the benefit of the ward or conservatee or the estate.
(b)Defend actions and proceedings against the ward or conservatee, the guardian or conservator, or the estate.
(c)File a petition commencing a case under Title 11 of the United States Code (Bankruptcy) on behalf of the ward or conservatee.

Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 91, Sec. 1. (SB 1005) Effective January 1, 2023.

(a)The guardian or conservator may bring an action against the other cotenants for partition of any property in which the ward or conservatee has an undivided interest if the court has first made an order authorizing the guardian or conservator to do so. The court may make the order ex parte on a petition filed by the guardian or conservator.
(b)The guardian or conservator may consent and agree, without an action, to a partition of the property and to the part to be set off to the estate, and may execute deeds or conveyances to the owners of the remaining interests of the parts to which they may be respectively entitled, if the court has made an order

under Article 5 (commencing with Section 2500) authorizing the guardian or conservator to do so.

(c)If the ward or conservatee, or the guardian or conservator in that capacity, is made a defendant in a partition action, the guardian or conservator may defend the action without authorization of the court.
(d)If the subject property is the conservatee’s present or former personal residence, the powers granted pursuant to subdivisions (a) and (b) of this section are subject to the requirements of Sections 2352.5, 2540, 2541, and 2541.5, which govern the sale and partition of a conservatee’s personal residence.

Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.

(a)If it is to the advantage of the estate to accept a deed to property which is subject to a mortgage or deed of trust in lieu of foreclosure of the mortgage or sale under the deed of trust, the guardian or conservator may, after authorization by order of the court and upon such terms and conditions as may be imposed by the court, accept a deed conveying the property to the ward or conservatee.
(b)To obtain an order under this section, the guardian or conservator shall file a petition showing the advantage to the estate of accepting the deed. Notice of the hearing on the petition shall be given for the period and in the manner provided in Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 1460) of Part 1.
(c)The court shall make an order under this section only if the advantage to the estate of accepting the deed is shown by clear and convincing evidence.

Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.

The guardian or conservator may dispose of or abandon valueless property.

Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.

The guardian or conservator may advance the guardian’s or conservator’s own funds for the benefit of the ward or conservatee or the estate and may reimburse the advance out of the income and principal of the estate first available. With court authorization or approval, interest on the amount advanced may be allowed at the legal rate payable on judgments.

Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.

(a)The guardian or conservator continues to have the duty of custody and conservation of the estate after the death of the ward or conservatee pending the delivery thereof to the personal representative of the ward’s or conservatee’s estate or other disposition according to law.
(b)The guardian or conservator has such powers as are granted to a guardian or conservator under this division as are necessary for the performance of the duty imposed by subdivision (a).

Added by Stats. 1998, Ch. 682, Sec. 4. Effective January 1, 1999.

(a)The conservator of the estate of a disabled attorney who was engaged in the practice of law at the time of his or her disability, or other person interested in the estate, may bring a petition seeking the appointment of an active member of the State Bar of California to take control of the files and assets of the practice of the disabled member.
(b)The petition may be filed and heard on such notice that the court determines is in the best interests of the persons interested in the estate of the disabled member. If the petition alleges that the immediate appointment of a practice administrator is required to safeguard the interests of the estate, the court may dispense with notice provided that the conservator is the petitioner or has joined in the petition or has otherwise waived notice of hearing on the petition.
(c)The petition shall indicate the powers sought for the practice administrator from the list of powers set forth in Section 6185 of the Business and Professions Code. These powers shall be specifically listed in the order appointing the practice administrator.
(d)The petition shall allege the value of the assets that are to come under the control of the practice administrator, including but not limited by the amount of funds in all accounts used by the disabled member. The court shall require the filing of a surety bond in the amount of the value of the personal property to be filed with the court by the practice administrator. No action may be taken by the practice administrator unless a bond has been duly filed with the court.
(e)The practice administrator shall not be the attorney representing the conservator.
(f)The court shall appoint the attorney nominated by the disabled member in a writing, including but not limited to the disabled member’s will, unless the court concludes that the appointment of the nominated person would be contrary to the best interests of the estate or would create a conflict of interest with any of the clients of the disabled member.
(g)The practice administrator shall be compensated only upon order of the court making the appointment for his or her reasonable and necessary services. The law practice shall be the source of the compensation for the practice administrator unless the assets are insufficient, in which case, the compensation of the practice administrator shall be charged against the assets of the estate as a cost of administration. The practice administrator shall also be entitled to reimbursement of his or her costs.
(h)Upon conclusion of the services of the practice administrator, the practice administrator shall render an accounting and petition for its approval by the superior court making the appointment. Upon settlement of the accounting, the practice administrator shall be discharged and the surety on his or her bond exonerated.
(i)If the court appointing the practice administrator determines upon petition that the disabled attorney has recovered his or her capacity to resume his or her law practice, the appointment of a practice administrator shall forthwith terminate and the disabled attorney shall be restored to his or her practice.
(j)For purposes of this section, the person appointed to take control of the practice of the disabled member shall be referred to as the “practice administrator” and the conservatee shall be referred to as the “disabled member.”

Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 478, Sec. 58. (AB 1756) Effective January 1, 2024.

(a)Commencing January 1, 2024, when a professional fiduciary becomes incapacitated and a vacancy exists, the incapacitated fiduciary’s conservator, agent under a power of attorney for asset management, trustee, or interested person may petition for the appointment of one or more individuals qualified to act as a professional fiduciary under the Professional Fiduciaries Act (Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 6500) of Division 3 of the Business and Professions Code) as a professional fiduciary practice administrator to take control of the incapacitated professional fiduciary’s files and to be appointed as temporary successor as to those matters for which a vacancy exists as a result of the professional fiduciary’s incapacity.
(b)The petition shall request an order appointing a professional fiduciary practice administrator as temporary successor, with all of the powers and duties held by the incapacitated fiduciary, in each matter in which the incapacitated fiduciary was acting in a representative capacity, including guardianships of the estate, conservatorships of the person and the estate, decedent’s estates, court-supervised trusts, and non-court-supervised trusts.
(c)The court shall require the professional fiduciary practice administrator to file a surety bond in each matter in which the professional fiduciary practice administrator is appointed temporary successor, in the amount currently required of the incapacitated fiduciary or in another amount as the court deems appropriate.
(d)The court may appoint as the professional fiduciary practice administrator the professional fiduciary nominated by the incapacitated fiduciary in a writing, including, but not limited to, the incapacitated fiduciary’s will or trust, or in the absence thereof, the person nominated by the person having legal standing to act on behalf of the incapacitated professional fiduciary. The court shall not make the appointment if the court concludes that the appointment of the nominated person would be contrary to the best interests of, or would create a conflict of interest with, any interested party in a matter in which the incapacitated fiduciary was acting in a fiduciary capacity.
(e)The appointment of the professional fiduciary practice administrator as temporary successor shall

terminate, in each of the matters in which the professional fiduciary practice administrator was appointed as temporary successor, 45 days after the entry of the order appointing the professional fiduciary practice administrator, or earlier if another person is appointed.

(f)Notice of the hearing on the petition for appointment of a professional fiduciary practice administrator as temporary successor shall be given to all persons entitled to notice in each of the matters which are the subject of the petition. The court may dispense with notice if the petition alleges that the immediate appointment of a professional fiduciary practice administrator is required to safeguard the interests of an individual or an asset in a matter in which the incapacitated fiduciary was acting in a representative capacity.
(g)The professional fiduciary practice administrator shall be compensated for services provided and reimbursement of costs incurred in each matter solely from the assets of that matter subject to the provisions of the applicable document or as determined by the court, and in no event more than the incapacitated fiduciary would have been paid.
(h)The professional fiduciary practice administrator appointed in a given matter shall do all of the following:
(1)File a copy of the order appointing the professional fiduciary practice administrator as temporary successor in each of the matters in which the court appoints the professional fiduciary practice administrator as temporary successor.
(2)Take control and review all files and writings maintained by the incapacitated fiduciary for matters in which the incapacitated fiduciary was acting in a representative capacity.
(3)Within 15 days after the entry of the order appointing the professional fiduciary practice administrator as temporary successor, provide written notice to all interested parties as to each matter in which the incapacitated fiduciary was acting in a representative capacity who can be reasonably ascertained and located to inform those parties of the appointment of the professional fiduciary practice administrator as temporary successor. The notice shall advise the interested parties of the necessity and process for the appointment of a permanent successor, which shall include the following:
(A)The right of the parties to petition the court for the appointment of a permanent successor.
(B)The right of any interested party to nominate an individual to act as permanent successor, and then the obligation of the professional fiduciary practice administrator to petition for the appointment of the individual nominated, provided an interested party provides the professional fiduciary practice administrator with the name of their nominee within 15 days after the date notice was given.
(C)The ability of the professional fiduciary practice administrator, in the event none of the interested parties act within the time prescribed, under subparagraph (A) or (B), to petition the court for appointment of a permanent

successor.

(4)Upon the court’s appointment of a permanent successor, the professional fiduciary practice administrator shall file an account and report on behalf of the incapacitated fiduciary for any period of time the incapacitated fiduciary would have been required to account, as well as for the period of time the professional fiduciary practice administrator served as temporary successor. As part of that account and report, the professional fiduciary practice administrator may request compensation both on behalf of the incapacitated fiduciary, for services rendered prior to their incapacity, and on their own behalf for services rendered after the

incapacitated fiduciary’s incapacity, as temporary successor, subject to any limitation on fees and costs that existed for the incapacitated fiduciary, and may request discharge and exoneration of bond. The account filed for the period during which the matter was administered by the now incapacitated fiduciary may be verified on information and belief.

(5)Comply with any other obligations imposed by the court.
(i)Each of the time periods prescribed in this section may be extended by the court if the court determines that good cause exists, and if the court determines that the extension is in the best interest of the minor, the conservatee, the decedent’s estate, or the current income beneficiaries under a trust, as applicable.
(j)For purposes of this section, the following definitions apply:
(1)“Incapacitated” means that the person is unable to fulfill their duties as a professional fiduciary because of either temporary or permanent disability, incapacity, or absence.
(2)“Professional fiduciary practice administrator” means the person or persons appointed pursuant to this section to take over the responsibilities from the incapacitated fiduciary.
(3)“Vacancy” means that the instrument under which the incapacitated fiduciary was acting does not name a successor to fill the vacancy, the instrument under which the incapacitated fiduciary was acting does not provide a nonjudicial method to fill the vacancy, or a cofiduciary, authorized to

act solely, was not acting with the incapacitated fiduciary.

(k)This section does not limit the authority granted to the court under subdivision (j) of Section 2250, Section 8523, and subdivision (e) of Section 15642.
(l)The Judicial Council shall create or revise any forms or rules necessary to implement this section no later than January 1, 2024.