Chapter 1 - The California Water Plan

California Water Code — §§ 10004-10011

Sections (12)

Repealed and added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 210, Sec. 3. (SB 72) Effective January 1, 2026.

(a)The department shall develop a comprehensive, strategic plan for the sustainable management and stewardship of California’s water resources. This plan shall be known as “The California Water Plan” and shall provide an update on the status and trends of California’s water-dependent natural resources, water supplies, and its agricultural, urban, and environmental water demands for a range of plausible future scenarios. The plan also shall include long-term water supply targets and strategies to meet those targets as outlined in this chapter.
(b)The department shall update The California Water Plan on or before December 31, 2028, and every five years thereafter.
(c)To develop the plan, the department, in consultation with the California Water Commission, shall establish an advisory committee, composed of representatives of agricultural and urban water suppliers, local government, business, agriculture, tribes, labor representatives from building and construction trades, labor representatives from public agencies involved in critical water infrastructure, including, but not limited to, water treatment and water wholesalers, environmental justice interests, environmental interests, and other interested parties, to assist and provide input to the department in the updating of The California Water Plan. The department shall consult with the advisory committee and consider recommendations in carrying out this chapter. The

department shall provide written notice of meetings of the advisory committee to any interested person or entity that requests the notice. The meetings shall be open to the public.

(d)The department may add members to the advisory committee to carry out the purposes of Section 10004.7. Additional advisory committee members may include those from environmental justice sectors, local water supply agencies, and researchers and experts on climate science, climate science solutions, water storage, water conveyance, and environmental protection.
(e)The department shall release a preliminary draft of The California Water Plan, as updated, upon request, to interested persons and entities throughout the state for their review and comments. The department shall provide these

persons and entities an opportunity to present written or oral comments on the preliminary draft. The department shall consider these comments in the preparation of the final publication of The California Water Plan, as updated.

(f)The department shall coordinate with the California Water Commission, the board, other local, state, and federal agencies as appropriate, and the advisory committee to develop the plan.

Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 210, Sec. 4. (SB 72) Effective January 1, 2026.

(a)As part of the requirement of the department to update The California Water Plan pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 10004, the department shall include in the plan a discussion of various strategies, including, but not limited to, those relating to the development of new water storage facilities, water conservation, groundwater recharge, water recycling, desalination, conjunctive use, conveyance, stormwater capture, water transfers,

and demand management activities that may be pursued in order to meet the future water needs of the state and the water supply targets developed by the department. The department shall also include a discussion of the potential for alternative water pricing policies to change current and projected uses. The department shall include in the plan a discussion of the potential advantages and disadvantages of each strategy and an identification of all federal and state permits, approvals, or entitlements that are anticipated to be required in order to implement the various components of the strategy.

(b)In preparing any update of The California Water Plan, the department shall conduct a series of public workshops to give interested parties an opportunity to comment on the plan. The department shall select workshop locations to

maximize geographic distribution, to ensure that regions of the state that have been impacted the most by drought, flood, and other weather extremes are included, and to ensure the workshops are accessible to communities with minority populations, communities with low-income populations, or both.

(c)Each update of the plan shall include, at a minimum, all of the following components:
(1)A discussion of environmental needs on a regional basis.

The department’s discussion shall rely on the best available peer-reviewed scientific information.

(2)A discussion of urban sector water needs on a regional basis.
(3)A discussion of agricultural water needs on a regional basis.
(4)A summary of sources that could finance project types or actions within the various strategies.
(5)A discussion of the estimated costs, benefits, and impacts of any project type or action that is recommended by the department within the plan that could help achieve the water supply targets. The department shall also consider and incorporate into the

discussion, if appropriate, existing studies or planning documents that quantify the costs and impacts to the state if there are inadequate water supplies to meet sustainable demands for all sectors.

(6)A report on the development of regional and local water projects within each hydrologic region of the state undertaken to improve water supplies to meet municipal, agricultural, and environmental water needs and minimize the need to import water from other hydrologic regions.
(d)Notwithstanding Section 10231.5 of the Government Code, the department shall report the amendments, supplements, and additions included in the updates of The California Water Plan, together with a summary of the department’s conclusions and recommendations, to the Legislature, in

compliance with Section 9795 of the Government Code, in the session in which the updated plan is issued.

Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 210, Sec. 5. (SB 72) Effective January 1, 2026.

(a)(1) As part of updating The California Water Plan every five years pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 10004, the department shall conduct a study to determine the amount of additional water needed to meet the state’s future water needs and to recommend programs, policies, and facilities to meet those needs.
(2)As part of the 2033 update to The California Water Plan, the department shall update the required planning target pursuant to subdivision (f) for 2050.The

target shall consider the identified and future water needs for all beneficial uses, including, but not limited to, urban uses, agricultural uses, recreational uses, tribal uses, and the environment, recognize the impacts of climate change on the state’s water resources, ensure

safe drinking water for all Californians, and reflect statewide, regional, and local planning efforts. In establishing the long-term supply target, the department shall analyze current and future water needs trends, including identifying additional water necessary to sustain public trust resources. Nothing in this paragraph shall require the state water board or regional boards to update water quality control plans in order for the department to update the required planning target described in subdivision (f).

(3)Subsequent updates of the plan shall include a range of water supply targets that consider future scenarios with a 50-year planning horizon at a watershed scale.
(b)The department shall consult with the advisory committee established pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 10004 in carrying out this chapter.
(c)On or before December 31, 2027, and one year prior to issuing each successive update to The California Water Plan, the

department shall release a preliminary draft of the assumptions and other estimates upon which the study will be based, to interested persons and entities throughout the state for their review and comments. The department shall provide these persons and entities an opportunity to present written or oral comments on the preliminary draft. The department shall consider these documents when adopting the final assumptions and estimates for the study. For the purpose of carrying out this subdivision, the department shall release, at a minimum, assumptions and other estimates relating to all of the following:

(1)Basin hydrology, including annual rainfall, estimated

unimpaired streamflow, depletions, and consumptive uses.

(2)Groundwater supplies, including estimates of sustainable yield, supplies necessary to recover overdraft basins, and supplies lost due to pollution and other groundwater contaminants.
(3)Current and projected land use patterns, including the mix of residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, and undeveloped lands.
(4)Environmental water needs, including regulatory instream flow requirements, nonregulated instream uses, and water needs by wetlands, preserves, refuges, and other managed and unmanaged natural resource lands.
(5)Current and projected population.
(6)Current and projected water use for all of the following:
(A)Interior uses in a single-family dwelling.
(B)Exterior uses in a single-family dwelling.
(C)All uses in a multifamily dwelling.
(D)Commercial uses.
(E)Industrial uses.
(F)Parks and open spaces.
(G)Agricultural water diversion and use.
(7)Opportunities for demand management.
(8)Evapotranspiration rates for major crop types, including estimates of evaporative losses by irrigation practice and the extent to which evaporation reduces transpiration.
(9)Current and projected adoption of urban and agricultural conservation practices.
(10)Current and projected supplies of water provided by water recycling and reuse.
(11)Current and projected water and infrastructure needs of disadvantaged communities, as defined in Section 79505.5, served by public water systems, state small water systems, and individual domestic wells, including, but not limited to, access to safe and affordable drinking water and sanitation, water quality, and water supply.

The department may incorporate by reference the State Water Resources Control Board’s Drinking Water Needs Assessment or other available relevant assessments or reports.

(12)Climate change impacts by region and resulting water supply trends, including changes in timing and intensity of snowmelt runoff.
(d)The department shall include a discussion of the potential for alternative water pricing policies to change current and projected water uses identified pursuant to paragraph (6) of subdivision (c).
(e)This section does not require the department to update, or prohibit the department from updating, any data necessary to update The California Water Plan pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 10004.
(f)As part of the 2028 update to the plan, the department shall include an interim planning target of 9,000,000 acre-feet of additional water, water conservation, or water storage capacity to be achieved by 2040. This target may be achieved through strategies, including, but not limited to, a combination of the development of new or expanded surface or groundwater storage, conservation efforts, including the ongoing implementation of the Making Conservation a California Way of Life regulation pursuant to Article 1 (commencing with Section 965) of Chapter 3.5 of Division 3 of Title 23 of the California Code of Regulations, or the development of stormwater capture, graywater, recycled water, or other water supplies.

Added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 624, Sec. 3. (SB 659) Effective January 1, 2024.

(a)(1) The department, as part of the 2028 update, and each subsequent update thereafter, to The California Water Plan required pursuant to Section 10004, shall utilize its expertise in sustainable groundwater management to provide actionable recommendations

to develop additional groundwater recharge opportunities that increase the recharge of the state’s groundwater basins without reducing the amount of water available for environmental purposes or any other purpose allowed under state law.

(2)The department shall consult with the state board, the nine regional water quality control boards, and the advisory committee established pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 10004 in carrying out this section.
(3)The recommendations shall identify immediate opportunities and potential long-term solutions to increase the state’s groundwater supply, with a priority on multibenefit projects.

The recommendations shall include all of the following:

(A)An estimate of the volume of recharge that could potentially be realized by the enactment of the recommendations.
(B)A discussion of the variability of the quantities of water potentially available for recharge given varying hydrogeologic environments.
(C)An identification of the legal and regulatory requirements for recharge projects.
(D)A discussion of the possible financial or regulatory incentives that could support the development of recharge projects.
(E)An identification of locations and a

description of how groundwater recharge at those locations can protect access to safe drinking water and provide water quality benefits.

(F)An identification of best practices to advance all benefits of groundwater recharge, including, but not limited to:
(i)Analysis regarding where groundwater recharge will be effective and protective of access to safe drinking water consistent with Section 106.3.

(ii) Mapping that identifies areas where recharge is unlikely to degrade groundwater quality based on consideration of the quality and composition of the source water, the qualities of the soil upon which recharge will occur, and the proximity to drinking water wells.

(4)The department

shall, to the extent feasible, evaluate the

potential economic and noneconomic costs and benefits of implementing the

recommendations.

(b)Nothing in this section shall do any of the following:
(1)Limit or reduce the existing surface storage of water.
(2)Affect or change any water right.
(3)Prioritize any one use of water over another use, define what is to be considered a beneficial use of water, or in any way influence how the increased supply of groundwater under this part shall be used.
(c)For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:
(1)“Groundwater recharge” means

a process where water moves down from the ground surface or the bottom of a waterway and infiltrates an underlying aquifer. Groundwater recharge

actions include increasing the amount of raw, treated, or recycled water in the groundwater basins through human-controlled means, including, but not limited to, use of aquifer storage and recovery wells, injection wells, surface spreading basins, field flooding, stormwater capture, flood managed basins, and in-lieu recharge.

(2)“Groundwater supply” means water that at any point in time is being stored underground that is available for human use and environmental protection to sustain the state’s future.

Amended by Stats. 1991, Ch. 620, Sec. 2.

(a)It is hereby declared that the people of the state have a primary interest in the orderly and coordinated control, protection, conservation, development, and utilization of the water resources of the state by all individuals and entities and that it is the policy of the state that The California Water Plan, with any necessary amendments, supplements, and additions to the plan, is accepted as the master plan which guides the orderly and coordinated control, protection, conservation, development, management and efficient utilization of the water resources of the state.
(b)The declaration set forth in subdivision (a) does not constitute approval for the construction of specific projects or routes for transfer of water, or for financial assistance, by the state, without further legislative action, nor shall the declaration be construed as a prohibition of the development of the water resources of the state by any entity.

Added by Stats. 1991, Ch. 620, Sec. 3.

The department or, at the department’s request, the California Water Commission, shall conduct a series of hearings with interested persons, organizations, local, state, and federal agencies, and representatives of the diverse geographical areas and interests of the state.

Added by Stats. 1991, Ch. 620, Sec. 4.

Prior to holding a hearing pursuant to Section 10005.1, the department shall give notice by mail of the hearing to persons and entities which have requested notice and have provided their name and address to the department.

Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 2053.

The provisions of this part do not repeal or modify any of the provisions of Part 3 of this division.

Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 2053.

Notwithstanding anything contained in this part, all applications heretofore filed by the Department of Finance or by the Department of Water Resources under Part 2 of Division 6 shall remain valid and shall retain and have the status and priority accorded to such applications as now or hereafter provided in said Part 2.

Added by Stats. 1986, Ch. 1241, Sec. 1. Effective September 26, 1986.

The Legislature hereby finds and declares that agreements which provide for the transfer of water from the federal Central Valley Project to public entities supplying water for domestic or irrigation use offer potential benefits to California’s hard-pressed farmers and to California’s water-dependent urban areas.

It is the intent of the Legislature that these contracts be entered into for the purposes of strengthening California’s economy, serving the public, and protecting the environment.

The director shall continue to pursue negotiations with the United States Bureau of Reclamation to contract for the interim rights to stored water from the federal Central Valley Project for use in the State Water Resources Development System by state water supply contractors.

Added by Stats. 1986, Ch. 1241, Sec. 2. Effective September 26, 1986.

The director shall pursue discussions with the United States Bureau of Reclamation to permit persons and public entities which have entitlements to water from the federal Central Valley Project, to enter into legally binding contracts with any public entity which supplies water for domestic use, irrigation use, or environmental protection in this state for the transfer of federal water entitlements during times of shortage.

Added by Stats. 1992, Ch. 953, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1993.

(a)In preparing the California Water Plan, the director shall conduct at least one public hearing within the boundaries of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, and shall solicit the comments of water agencies within the delta, agricultural groups representative of delta agricultural activity, environmental groups concerned with protecting delta wildlife habitat, and groups representative of those who utilize water exported from the delta.
(b)The California Water Plan shall include a discussion of various alternatives, including their advantages and disadvantages, for improving and protecting the current uses and configuration of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.
(c)Subdivisions (a) and (b) shall be implemented only to the extent money is appropriated in the annual Budget Act to carry out this section.