This part may be cited as the Real Estate Law.

Except as otherwise specified, the definitions in this chapter apply to the provisions of this part only and do not affect any other provisions of this code.

“Commissioner” means the Real Estate Commissioner.

“Person” includes corporation, company and firm.

“Provisions of this part relating to real estate” means the provisions of Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 6 of Part 1.

“Provisions of this part relating to business opportunity regulation” means the provisions of Chapters 1, 2, and 6 of Part 1.

Solely with regard to any transaction involving the sale, lease, or exchange of a business opportunity occurring before, on, or after the effective date of this section, this division shall not apply to any person licensed at the time of the transaction as a securities broker or securities dealer under any law of this state or of the United States, or by any employee, officer, or agent of that person while acting under the direction of, and within the scope of, his or her employment with that person in connection with the transaction.

As used in this section, “any transaction involving the sale, lease, or exchange of a business opportunity” does not include any of the acts described in Section 10131 or Section 10131.2 if the substance of the transaction is to transfer, sell, lease, or exchange an interest in real property for the purpose of evading this part.

“Provisions of this part relating to mineral, oil, and gas brokerage” means the provisions of Chapters 1, 2, 6, and 7, of Part 1.

“Provisions of this part relating to hearings” means the provisions of Article 3 of Chapter 2 of Part 1.

this division or other existing applicable California law, including common law.

supervision, regardless of whether the retention contract with that salesperson or broker associate specifies an independent contractor relationship or an employment relationship.

“Licensee,” when used without modification, means a person, whether broker or salesperson, licensed under any of the provisions of this part.

“Broker,” when used without modification, means a person licensed as a broker under any of the provisions of this part.

“Salesperson,” when used without modification, means a person licensed as a salesperson under any of the provisions of this part. Whenever the word salesman is used in this division, or in the rules and regulations of the commissioner, it means salesperson. Notwithstanding any other law, a licensee may elect to refer to his or her licensed status as real estate salesman, real estate saleswoman, or real estate salesperson.

“Real estate licensee” means a person, whether broker or salesperson, licensed under Chapter 3 of this part.

“Real estate broker” means a person licensed as a broker under Chapter 3 of this part.

“Responsible broker” means the real estate broker responsible for the exercise of control and supervision of real estate salespersons under Section 10159.2, or a licensee subject to discipline under subdivision (h) of Section 10177 for failure to supervise activity requiring a real estate license. The supervision of a salesperson required under this part or any other law is limited to regulatory compliance and consumer protection.

“Manager” means a real estate licensee authorized to perform supervisorial services for a responsible broker.

“Broker associate” means a broker retained by a responsible broker who has authority to provide services requiring a real estate license on behalf of the responsible broker.

“Responsible broker’s identity” means the name under which the responsible broker is currently licensed by the department and conducts business in general or is a substantial division of the real estate firm, or both the name and the associated license identification number. “Responsible broker’s identity” does not include a fictitious business name obtained pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 10159.5 or the use of a team name pursuant to Section 10159.6.

“Professional identity” includes “responsible broker’s identity” and the identity under which the licensee is authorized to do business.

“Real estate salesperson” means a natural person licensed as a salesperson under Chapter 3 of this part and who, for a compensation or in expectation of a compensation, is retained by a real estate broker to do one or more of the acts set forth in Sections 10131, 10131.1, 10131.2, 10131.3, 10131.4, and 10131.6.

“Retained” means the relationship between a broker and a licensee who is either an independent contractor affiliated with, or an employee of, a broker to perform activities that require a license and are performed under a broker’s supervision.

“Seller” means a transferor in a real property transaction, and includes an owner who lists real property with a licensee, whether or not a transfer results, or who receives an offer to purchase real property of which he or she is the owner from a licensee on behalf of another. “Seller” includes both a vendor and lessor of real property.

“Listing agent” means a licensee who provides services requiring a real estate license for or on behalf of a seller pursuant to a listing agreement. Listing agent includes a seller’s agent.

“Seller’s agent” means a licensee who provides services requiring a real estate license for or on behalf of a seller. A seller’s agent may or may not be a listing agent.

“Buyer” means a transferee in a real property transaction, and includes a person who executes an offer to purchase real property from a seller through a licensee, whether or not a transfer results, or who seeks the services of a licensee in more than a casual, transitory, or preliminary manner, with the object of entering into a real property transaction. “Buyer” includes a purchaser, vendee, or lessee of real property.

“Buyer’s agent” means a licensee who provides services requiring a real estate license for or on behalf of a buyer.

“Real property” means any estate specified in (1) or (2) of Section 761 of the Civil Code in property, and includes (a) single-family residential property, (b) multiunit residential property with more than four dwelling units, (c) commercial real property, (d) vacant land, (e) a ground lease coupled with improvements, or (f) a manufactured home as defined in Section 18007 of the Health and Safety Code or a mobilehome as defined in Section 18008 of the Health and Safety Code.

“Single-family residential property” or “Single-family residential real property” means:

“Commercial real property” means all real property except (a) single-family residential real property, (b) dwelling units made subject to Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 1940) of Title 5 of Part 4 of Division 3 of the Civil Code, (c) a mobilehome as defined in Section 798.3 of the Civil Code, (d) vacant land, or (e) a recreational vehicle as defined in Section 799.29 of the Civil Code.

Except as provided in Section 10239.2, “sell,” “sale,” or “sold” means a transaction for the transfer of real property from a seller to a buyer, and includes (a) an exchange of real property between a seller and a buyer, (b) a real property sales contract within the meaning of Section 2985 of the Civil Code, and (c) a leasehold exceeding one year’s duration.

“Dual agent” means an agent acting, either directly or through a salesperson or broker associate, as agent for both the seller and the buyer in a real property transaction.

“Appraiser” means a person licensed or certified under Part 3 (commencing with Section 11300).

“Listing agreement” means a written contract between a seller of real property or a business opportunity and a real estate broker by which the broker has been authorized to sell the real property or find or obtain a buyer, including rendering other services for which a real estate license is required to the seller pursuant to the terms of the agreement. A “listing agreement” includes an “exclusive right to sell listing agreement,” “seller reserved listing agreement,” and “open listing agreement.”

“Exclusive right to sell listing agreement” means a listing agreement whereby the owner grants to a seller’s agent, for a specified period of time, the exclusive right to sell, find, or obtain a buyer for the real property, and the seller’s agent is entitled to the agreed compensation if, during that period of time, the real property is sold, no matter who effected the sale, or when the seller’s agent receives and presents to the owner any enforceable offer from a ready, able, and willing buyer on terms that are authorized by the listing agreement or accepted by the owner. An “exclusive right to sell listing agreement” may provide for compensation to the seller’s agent if the property is sold within a specified period after termination of the listing agreement.

“Seller reserved listing agreement” means a listing agreement whereby the owner grants to a seller’s agent, for a specified period of time, the exclusive right to sell, find, or obtain a buyer for the real property, and the seller’s agent is entitled to the agreed compensation if, during that period of time, the real property is sold, no matter who effected the sale, or when the seller’s agent receives and presents to the owner any enforceable offer from a ready, able, and willing buyer on terms that are authorized by the listing agreement or accepted by the owner. Compensation is not owed to the seller’s agent if the owner sells the property directly and not through any other broker. A “seller reserved listing agreement” may provide for compensation to the seller’s agent if the property is sold, other than directly by the

seller, within a specified period after termination of the listing agreement.

“Open listing agreement” means a listing agreement which grants no exclusive rights or priorities to the seller’s agent, and the agreed commission is payable to the seller’s agent only if that agent obtains and presents to the owner an enforceable offer from a ready, able, and willing buyer on the terms authorized by the listing agreement, which is accepted by the owner, before the property is otherwise sold either through another licensee or by the owner directly and before the listing agreement expires by its terms or is revoked by the seller’s agent or the owner.

“Mineral, oil, and gas licensee” means a person licensed under Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 10500) of this part.

“Mineral, oil, and gas broker” means a person licensed as a broker under Chapter 7 of this part.

must be described in subdivision (a), (b), or (c) of Section 10131.

The term “listing” as used in this part includes, but is not limited to:

opportunities or real estate agrees to render to an owner or lessee of the property any services, to promote the sale or lease of that property.

“Trust deed” or “deed of trust” as used in this part includes “mortgage.”

“Real property sales contract” as used in this part is an agreement wherein one party agrees to convey title to real property to another party upon the satisfaction of specified conditions set forth in the contract and which does not require conveyance of title within one year from the date of formation of the contract.

As used in this part, the words “business opportunity” shall include the sale or lease of the business and goodwill of an existing business enterprise or opportunity.

Neither Section 10185 nor any other provision of this part which makes violation of this part a crime shall be construed to preclude application of any other criminal provision of the law of this state to an act or omission which constitutes a violation of this part.