Added by Stats. 2018, Ch. 891, Sec. 2. (SB 998) Effective January 1, 2019.
This chapter shall be known, and may be cited, as the Water Shutoff Protection Act.
Chapter 6 - Discontinuation of Residential Water Service
California Health and Safety Code — §§ 116900-116926
Sections (14)
Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 855, Sec. 2. (SB 3) Effective January 1, 2024.
For the purposes of this chapter, the following definitions apply:
(a)“Board” means the State Water Resources Control Board.
(b)“Community water system” has the same meaning as defined in Section 116275.
(c)“Covered water system” means a water system or supplier described in Section 116904.
(d)“Residential service” means water service to a residential connection that includes single-family residences, multifamily residences, mobilehomes, including, but not limited to, mobilehomes in mobilehome parks, or farmworker housing.
(e)“Urban and community water system” means a public water system, as defined in Section 116275, that supplies water to more than 200 service connections.
(f)“Urban water supplier” has the same meaning as defined in Section 10617 of the Water Code.
Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 855, Sec. 3. (SB 3) Effective January 1, 2024.
(a)An urban water supplier not regulated by the Public Utilities Commission shall comply with this chapter on and after February 1, 2020.
(b)An urban and community water system regulated by the Public Utilities Commission shall comply with this chapter on and after February 1, 2020. The urban and community water system regulated by the Public Utilities Commission shall file advice letters with the commission to conform to this chapter.
(c)An urban and community water system not described in subdivision (a) or (b) shall comply with this chapter on and after April 1, 2020.
(d)A community water system not described in subdivision (a),
(b), or (c) shall comply with this chapter on and after August 1, 2024.
(e)Subject to the availability of funding, the state board shall make funds available for providing training statewide to community water systems with between 15 and 200 service connections to assist in compliance with this chapter.
Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 855, Sec. 4. (SB 3) Effective January 1, 2024.
(a)A covered water system that serves 200 or more service connections shall have a written policy on discontinuation of residential service for nonpayment available in English, the languages listed in Section 1632 of the Civil Code, and any other language spoken by at least 10 percent of the people residing in its service area. A covered water system that serves fewer than 200 service connections shall have a written policy on disconnection of residential service for nonpayment available in English, any language spoken by at least 10 percent of the people residing in its service area, and, upon request of a customer, any of the languages listed in Section 1632 of the Civil Code. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent a covered water system from making the policy available in any other language. The policy shall
include all of the following:
(1)A plan for deferred or reduced payments that is available for any customer regardless of whether they meet the conditions of subdivision (a) of Section 116910. The plan for deferred or reduced payments that is available to any customer regardless of whether they meet the conditions of subdivision (a) of Section 116910 is not required to reduce the total amount due for water service provided.
(2)Alternative payment schedules that are available for any customer regardless of whether they meet the conditions of subdivision (a) of Section 116910.
(3)A formal mechanism for a customer to contest or appeal a bill.
(4)A telephone number for a customer to contact to discuss options for averting discontinuation of residential
service for nonpayment.
(b)The policy shall be available on the covered water system’s internet website, if an internet website exists. If an internet website does not exist, the covered water system shall provide the policy to customers in writing, upon request.
(c)(1) The board may enforce the requirements of this section pursuant to Sections 116577, 116650, and 116655. The provisions of Section 116585 and Article 10 (commencing with Section 116700) of Chapter 4 apply to enforcement undertaken for a violation of this section.
(2)All moneys collected pursuant to this subdivision shall be deposited in the Safe Drinking Water Account established pursuant to Section 116590.
Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 855, Sec. 5. (SB 3) Effective January 1, 2024.
(a)(1) (A) A covered water system shall not discontinue residential service for nonpayment until a payment by a customer has been delinquent for at least 60 days. No fewer than seven business days before discontinuation of residential service for nonpayment, a covered water system shall contact the customer named on the account by telephone or written notice.
(B) When the covered water system contacts the customer named on the account by telephone pursuant to subparagraph (A), it shall offer to provide in writing to the customer the covered water system’s policy on discontinuation of residential service for nonpayment. A covered water system shall offer to discuss options to avert discontinuation of residential service
for nonpayment, including, but not limited to, alternative payment schedules, deferred payments, minimum payments, procedures for requesting amortization of the unpaid balance, and petition for bill review and appeal.
(C) When the covered water system contacts the customer named on the account by written notice pursuant to subparagraph (A), the written notice of payment delinquency and impending discontinuation shall be mailed to the customer of the residence to which the residential service is provided. If the customer’s address is not the address of the property to which residential service is provided, the notice also shall be sent to the address of the property to which residential service is provided, addressed to “Occupant.” The notice shall include, but is not limited to, all of the following information in a clear and legible format:
(i)The customer’s name and
address.
(ii) The amount of the delinquency.
(iii) The date by which payment or arrangement for payment is required in order to avoid discontinuation of residential service.
(iv) A description of the process to apply for an extension of time to pay the delinquent charges.
(v)A description of the procedure to petition for bill review and appeal.
(vi) A description of the procedure by which the customer may request a deferred, reduced, or alternative payment schedule, including an amortization of the delinquent residential service charges, consistent with the written policies provided pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 116906.
(2)If the covered water system is unable to make contact with the customer or an adult occupying the residence by telephone, and written notice is returned through the mail as undeliverable, the covered water system shall make a good faith effort to visit the residence and leave, or make other arrangements for placement in a conspicuous place of, a notice of imminent discontinuation of residential service for nonpayment and the covered water system’s policy for discontinuation of residential service for nonpayment.
(b)If an adult at the residence appeals the water bill to the covered water system or any other administrative or legal body to which that appeal may be lawfully taken, the covered water system shall not discontinue residential service while the appeal is pending.
Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 855, Sec. 6. (SB 3) Effective January 1, 2024.
(a)A covered water system shall not discontinue residential service for nonpayment if all of the following conditions are met:
(1)The customer, or a tenant of the customer, submits to the covered water system the certification of a primary care provider, as that term is defined in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 14088 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, that discontinuation of residential service will be life threatening to, or pose a serious threat to the health and safety of, a resident of the premises where residential service is provided.
(2)The customer demonstrates that they are financially unable to pay for residential service within the covered water
system’s normal billing cycle. The customer shall be deemed financially unable to pay for residential service within the covered water system’s normal billing cycle if any member of the customer’s household is a current recipient of CalWORKs, CalFresh, general assistance, Medi-Cal, Supplemental Security Income/State Supplementary Payment Program, or California Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, or the customer declares that the household’s annual income is less than 200 percent of the federal poverty level.
(3)The customer is willing to enter into an amortization agreement, alternative payment schedule, or a plan for deferred or reduced payment, consistent with the written policies provided pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 116906, with respect to all delinquent charges.
(b)(1) If the conditions listed in
subdivision (a) are met, the covered water system shall offer the customer one or more of the following options:
(A) Amortization of the unpaid balance.
(B) Participation in an alternative payment schedule.
(C) A partial or full reduction of the unpaid balance financed without additional charges to other ratepayers.
(D) Temporary deferral of payment.
(2)The covered water system may choose which of the payment options described in paragraph (1) the customer undertakes and may set the parameters of that payment option. Ordinarily, the repayment option offered should result in repayment of any remaining outstanding balance within 12 months. A covered water system may grant a longer repayment
period if it finds the longer period is necessary to avoid undue hardship to the customer based on the circumstances of the individual case.
(3)Residential service may be discontinued no sooner than five business days after the covered water system posts a final notice of intent to disconnect service in a prominent and conspicuous location at the property under either of the following circumstances:
(A)The customer fails to comply with an amortization agreement, an alternative payment schedule, or a deferral or reduction in payment plan for delinquent charges for 60 days or more.
(B)While undertaking an amortization agreement, an alternative payment schedule, or a deferral or reduction in payment plan for delinquent charges, the customer does not pay their current residential service charges for 60 days or
more.
Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 855, Sec. 7. (SB 3) Effective January 1, 2024.
A covered water system that discontinues residential service for nonpayment shall provide the customer with information on how to restore residential service.
Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 855, Sec. 8. (SB 3) Effective January 1, 2024.
(a)For a residential customer who demonstrates to a covered water system household income below 200 percent of the federal poverty line, the covered water system shall do both of the following:
(1)Set a reconnection of service fee for reconnection during normal operating hours at fifty dollars ($50), but not to exceed the actual cost of reconnection if it is less. Reconnection fees shall be subject to an annual adjustment for changes in the Consumer Price Index beginning January 1, 2021. For the reconnection of residential service during nonoperational hours, a covered water system shall set a reconnection of service fee at one hundred fifty dollars ($150), but not to exceed the actual cost of reconnection if it is less. Reconnection fees shall be subject to an
annual adjustment for changes in the Consumer Price Index beginning January 1, 2021.
(2)Waive interest charges on delinquent bills once every 12 months.
(b)A covered water system shall deem a residential customer to have a household income below 200 percent of the federal poverty line if any member of the household is a current recipient of CalWORKs, CalFresh, general assistance, Medi-Cal, Supplemental Security Income/State Supplementary Payment Program, or California Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, or the customer declares that the household’s annual income is less than 200 percent of the federal poverty level.
Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 855, Sec. 9. (SB 3) Effective January 1, 2024.
(a)This section applies if there is a landlord-tenant relationship between the residential occupants and the owner, manager, or operator of the dwelling.
(b)If a covered water system furnishes individually metered residential service to residential occupants of a detached single-family dwelling, a multiunit residential structure, mobilehome park, or permanent residential structure in a labor camp as defined in Section 17008, and the owner, manager, or operator of the dwelling, structure, or park is the customer of record, the covered water system shall make every good faith effort to inform the residential occupants, by means of written notice, when the account is in arrears that service will be terminated at least 10 days prior to the termination. The written
notice shall further inform the residential occupants that they have the right to become customers, to whom the service will then be billed, without being required to pay any amount that may be due on the delinquent account.
(c)The covered water system is not required to make service available to the residential occupants unless each residential occupant agrees to the terms and conditions of service and meets the requirements of law and the covered water system’s rules and tariffs. However, if one or more of the residential occupants are willing and able to assume responsibility for the subsequent charges to the account to the satisfaction of the covered water system, or if there is a physical means legally available to the covered water system of selectively terminating service to those residential occupants who have not met the requirements of the covered water system’s rules and tariffs, the covered water system shall make service available
to those residential occupants who have met those requirements.
(d)If prior service for a period of time is a condition for establishing credit with the covered water system, residence and proof of prompt payment of rent or other credit obligation acceptable to the covered water system for that period of time is a satisfactory equivalent.
(e)Any residential occupant who becomes a customer of the covered water system pursuant to this section whose periodic payments, such as rental payments, include charges for residential water service, where those charges are not separately stated, may deduct from the periodic payment each payment period all reasonable charges paid to the covered water system for those services during the preceding payment period.
(f)In the case of a detached single-family dwelling, the covered
water system may do any of the following:
(1)Give notice of termination at least seven days prior to the proposed termination.
(2)In order for the amount due on the delinquent account to be waived, require an occupant who becomes a customer to verify that the delinquent account customer of record is or was the landlord, manager, or agent of the dwelling. Verification may include, but is not limited to, a lease or rental agreement, rent receipts, a government document indicating that the occupant is renting the property, or information disclosed pursuant to Section 1962 of the Civil Code.
Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 855, Sec. 10. (SB 3) Effective January 1, 2024.
A covered water system shall report the number of annual discontinuations of residential service for inability to pay on the covered water system’s internet website, if an internet website exists, and to the board. The board shall post on its internet website the information reported.
Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 411, Sec. 3. (AB 2599) Effective January 1, 2025.
(a)The Attorney General, at the request of the board or upon the Attorney General’s own motion, may bring an action in state court to do either of the following:
(1)Restrain by temporary or permanent injunction the use of any method, act, or practice declared in this chapter to be unlawful.
(2)Restore to any person in interest any money or real property acquired by any method, act, or practice declared by this chapter to be unlawful.
(b)For a covered water system regulated by the Public Utilities Commission, the commission may bring an action in state court to restrain by temporary or permanent injunction the use by a covered water
system regulated by the commission of any method, act, or practice declared in this chapter to be unlawful.
(c)Nothing in this section provides public water systems with authorities not otherwise provided to those systems by law.
Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 855, Sec. 12. (SB 3) Effective January 1, 2024.
All written notices required under this chapter shall be provided in English, the languages listed in Section 1632 of the Civil Code, and any other language spoken by 10 percent or more of the customers in the covered water system’s service area.
Added by Stats. 2018, Ch. 891, Sec. 2. (SB 998) Effective January 1, 2019.
Where provisions of existing law are duplicative of this chapter, compliance with one shall be deemed compliance with the other. Where those provisions are inconsistent, the provisions of this chapter shall apply. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to limit or restrict the procedural safeguards against the disconnection of residential water service existing as of December 31, 2018.
Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 855, Sec. 13. (SB 3) Effective January 1, 2024.
This chapter does not apply to the termination of a service connection by a covered water system due to an unauthorized action of a customer.