Article 2 - Time and Temperature Relationships

California Health and Safety Code — §§ 113996-114020

Sections (13)

Amended by Stats. 2009, Ch. 571, Sec. 30. (SB 241) Effective October 11, 2009.

(a)Except during preparation, cooking, cooling, transportation to or from a retail food facility for a period of less than 30 minutes, or when time is used as the public health control as specified under Section 114000, or as otherwise provided in this section, potentially hazardous food shall be maintained at or above 135°F, or at or below 41°F.

(b)Roasts cooked to a temperature and for a time specified in subdivision (b) of Section 114004 shall be held at a temperature of 130°F or above.

(c)The following foods may be held at or below 45°F:

(1)Raw shell eggs.

(2)Unshucked live molluscan shellfish.

(3)Pasteurized milk and pasteurized milk products in original, sealed containers.

(4)Potentially hazardous foods held for dispensing in vending machines.

(5)Potentially hazardous foods held for sampling at a certified farmers’ market.

(6)Potentially hazardous foods held during

transportation.

(d)Potentially hazardous foods held for dispensing in serving lines and salad bars may be maintained above 41°F, but not above 45°F, during periods not to exceed 12 hours in any 24-hour period only if the unused portions are disposed of at or before the end of this 24-hour period. For purposes of this subdivision, a display case shall not be deemed to be a serving line.

§ 113998

Repealed and added by Stats. 2006, Ch. 23, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2007. Operative July 1, 2007, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 23.

If it is necessary to remove potentially hazardous food from the specified holding temperatures to facilitate preparation, this preparation shall in no case exceed two cumulative hours without a return to the specified holding temperatures.

§ 114000

Amended by Stats. 2007, Ch. 96, Sec. 24. Effective July 20, 2007.

(a)Except as specified in subdivision (b), if time only, rather than time in conjunction with temperature, is used as the public health control for a working supply of potentially hazardous food before cooking or for ready-to-eat potentially hazardous food that is displayed or held for service for immediate consumption, the following shall occur:

(1)The food shall be marked or otherwise identified to indicate the time that is four hours past the point in time when the

food is removed from temperature control.

(2)The food shall be cooked and served, served if ready-to-eat, or discarded within four hours from the point in time when the food is removed from temperature control.

(3)The food in unmarked containers or packages or marked to exceed a four-hour limit shall be discarded.

(4)Written procedures shall be maintained in the food facility and made available to the enforcement agency upon request, that ensure compliance with this section and Section 114002, for food that is prepared, cooked, and refrigerated before time is used as a public health control.

(b)Time only, rather than time in conjunction with temperature, may not be used as the public health control for raw eggs in the following food facilities:

(1)Licensed health care facilities.

(2)Public and private school cafeterias.

§ 114002

Amended by Stats. 2009, Ch. 571, Sec. 31. (SB 241) Effective October 11, 2009.

(a)Whenever food has been prepared or heated so that it becomes potentially hazardous, it shall be rapidly cooled if not held at or above 135°F.

(b)After heating or hot holding, potentially hazardous food shall be cooled rapidly from 135ºF to 41°F or below within six hours and, during this time the decrease in temperature from 135°F

to 70°F shall occur within two hours.

(c)Potentially hazardous food shall be cooled within four hours to 41°F or less if prepared from ingredients at ambient temperature, such as reconstituted foods and canned tuna.

(d)Except as specified in subdivision (e), a potentially hazardous food received in compliance with laws allowing a temperature above 41°F during shipment from the supplier as specified in Section 114037 shall be cooled within four hours to 41°F or less.

(e)Pasteurized milk in original, sealed containers, pasteurized milk products in original, sealed containers, raw shell eggs, and unshucked live molluscan shellfish need not comply with subdivision (c) or (d) if these foods are placed immediately upon their receipt in refrigerated equipment that maintains an ambient temperature of 45°F or

less.

§ 114002.1

Added by Stats. 2006, Ch. 23, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2007. Operative July 1, 2007, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 23.

(a)The rapid cooling of potentially hazardous foods shall be accomplished in accordance with the time and temperature criteria specified in Section 114002 by using one or more of the following methods based on the type of food being cooled:

(1)Placing the food in shallow pans.

(2)Separating the food into smaller or thinner portions.

(3)Using rapid cooling equipment.

(4)Using containers that facilitate heat transfer.

(5)Adding ice as an ingredient.

(6)Using ice paddles.

(7)Inserting appropriately designed containers in an ice bath and stirring frequently.

(8)In accordance with an HACCP plan adopted pursuant to this part.

(9)Utilizing other effective means that have been approved by the enforcement agency.

(b)When placed in cooling or cold holding equipment, food containers in which food is being cooled shall be arranged in

the equipment to provide maximum heat transfer through the container walls, loosely covered, or uncovered if protected from overhead contamination during the cooling period to facilitate heat transfer from the surface of the food, and stirred as necessary to evenly cool a liquid or a semi-liquid food.

§ 114004

Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 195, Sec. 9. (SB 1067) Effective January 1, 2017.

(a)Except as specified in subdivision (b) or (c), raw animal foods such as eggs, fish, meat, poultry, and foods containing these raw animal foods shall be cooked to heat all parts of the food to a temperature and for a time that complies with the following methods based on the food that is cooked:

(1)The following shall be heated to a minimum internal temperature of 145 degrees Fahrenheit or above for 15 seconds:

(A)Raw shell eggs that are broken and prepared in response to a consumer’s order and for immediate service.

(B)Except as specified in paragraph (2)

or (3) of subdivision (a) or subdivision (b) or (c), fish and meat, including game animals

commercially raised for food.

(2)The following foods shall be heated to a minimum internal temperature of 155 degrees Fahrenheit for 15 seconds or the temperature specified in the following chart that corresponds to the holding time:

(A)Ratites and mechanically tenderized and injected meats.

(B)The following foods, if they are comminuted: fish, meat, and game animals commercially raised for food as specified in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1).

(C)Raw eggs that are not prepared as specified in paragraph (1).

(3)The following shall be heated to a minimum internal temperature of 165

degrees Fahrenheit for 15 seconds:

(A)Poultry.

(B)Baluts.

(C)Stuffed fish, stuffed meat, stuffed poultry, and stuffed ratites.

(D)Stuffing containing fish, meat, poultry, or ratites.

(E)Pasta and any other food stuffed with fish, meat, poultry, or ratites.

(F)Wild game animals.

(b)Whole beef roasts, corned beef roasts, pork roasts, lamb roasts, and cured pork roasts, such as ham, shall be cooked as specified in both of the following:

(1)In an oven that is preheated to the temperature specified for the roast’s weight in the following chart and that is held at that temperature:

(2)As specified in the following chart, to heat all parts of the food to a temperature and for the holding time that corresponds to that temperature:

(c)A raw or undercooked whole-muscle, intact beef steak may be served or offered for sale in a ready-to-eat form if all of the following conditions are satisfied:

(1)The food facility serves a population that is not a highly susceptible population.

(2)The steak is labeled to indicate that it meets the definition of “whole-muscle, intact beef” as

specified in subdivision (c) of Section 114021.

(3)The steak is cooked on both the top and bottom to a surface temperature of 145 degrees Fahrenheit or above and a cooked color change is achieved on all external surfaces.

(d)A raw animal food such as raw egg, raw fish, raw marinated fish, raw molluscan shellfish, or steak tartare, or a partially cooked food such as lightly cooked fish, soft cooked eggs, or rare meat other than whole-muscle, intact beef steaks as specified in subdivision (c), may be served or offered for sale upon consumer request or selection in a ready-to-eat form if either of the following conditions are satisfied:

(1)All of the following requirements are met:

(A)As specified in paragraph (1) or (2) of subdivision (e) of Section 114091, the food facility serves a population that is not a highly susceptible population.

(B)The food, if served or offered for service by consumer selection from a children’s menu, does not contain comminuted meat.

(C)The consumer is informed pursuant to Section 114093 to ensure its safety, the food should be cooked as specified in subdivision (a) or (b).

(2)The department grants a variance from subdivision (a) or (b) pursuant to Section 114417 based on a HACCP plan that satisfies all of the following conditions:

(A)It is submitted by the permitholder and approved

pursuant to Sections 114417.1 and 114417.3.

(B)It documents scientific data or other information showing that a lesser time and temperature regimen results in safe food.

(C)It verifies that equipment and procedures for food prepared and training of food employees at the food facility meet the conditions of the variance.

§ 114008

Added by Stats. 2006, Ch. 23, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2007. Operative July 1, 2007, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 23.

Raw foods of animal origin cooked in a microwave oven shall meet all of the following requirements:

(a)Be rotated or stirred throughout or midway during cooking to compensate for uneven distribution of heat.

(b)Be covered to retain surface moisture.

(c)Be heated to a temperature of at least 165°F in all parts of the food.

(d)Stand covered for at least two minutes after cooking to obtain temperature equilibrium.

§ 114010

Repealed and added by Stats. 2006, Ch. 23, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2007. Operative July 1, 2007, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 23.

Fruits and vegetables that are cooked for hot holding shall be cooked to a minimum temperature of 135ºF.

§ 114012

Added by Stats. 2006, Ch. 23, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2007. Operative July 1, 2007, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 23.

Except as specified in Section 114091, pasteurized eggs or pasteurized egg products shall be substituted for raw shell eggs in the preparation of foods such as Caesar salad, hollandaise or Béarnaise sauce, mayonnaise, eggnog, ice cream, and egg-fortified beverages that are not cooked as specified under Section 114004, nor included in Section 114093.

§ 114014

Added by Stats. 2006, Ch. 23, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2007. Operative July 1, 2007, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 23.

Cooked and refrigerated food that is prepared for immediate service in response to an individual consumer order may be served at any temperature.

§ 114016

Added by Stats. 2006, Ch. 23, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2007. Operative July 1, 2007, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 23.

(a)Except as specified under subdivisions (b) and (c), potentially hazardous food that is cooked, cooled, and reheated for hot holding shall be reheated so that all parts of the food reach a temperature of at least 165°F for 15 seconds.

(b)Except as specified under subdivision (c), potentially hazardous food reheated in a microwave oven for hot holding shall be reheated so that all parts of the food reach a temperature of at least 165°F and the

food is rotated or stirred, covered, and allowed to stand covered for at least two minutes after reheating.

(c)Ready-to-eat food taken from a commercially processed, hermetically sealed container, or from an intact package from a food processing plant shall be heated to a temperature of at least 135ºF for hot holding.

(d)Reheating for hot holding shall be done rapidly, and the time the food is between 41ºF and 165ºF shall not exceed two hours.

(e)Remaining unsliced portions of roasts that are cooked as specified under Section 114004 may be reheated for hot holding using the oven parameters and minimum time and temperature conditions as specified in Section 114004.

§ 114018

Added by Stats. 2006, Ch. 23, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2007. Operative July 1, 2007, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 23.

Frozen foods shall be stored and displayed in their frozen state unless being thawed in accordance with Section 114020.

§ 114020

Repealed and added by Stats. 2006, Ch. 23, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2007. Operative July 1, 2007, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 23.

Frozen potentially hazardous food shall only be thawed in one of the following ways:

(a)Under refrigeration that maintains the food temperature at 41°F or below.

(b)Completely submerged under potable running water for a period not to exceed two hours at a water temperature of 70°F or below, and with sufficient water velocity to agitate and flush off loose particles into the sink drain.

(c)In a microwave oven if immediately followed by immediate preparation.

(d)As part of a cooking process.