A person who knowingly violates a provision of subdivision (a) of former Section 25221 as that section read on January 1, 2012, and who violated that provision prior to the effective date of Chapter 39 of the Statutes of 2012, or who knowingly violates Section 25227, shall be subject to a civil penalty not to exceed 25 percent of the fair market value of the land and improvements, 25 percent of the sale price of the land and

improvements, or fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), whichever has been established and is greatest.